{"id":30508,"date":"2025-10-26T21:00:10","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T20:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?p=30508"},"modified":"2025-10-26T21:00:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T20:00:10","slug":"russia-rouble","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble","title":{"rendered":"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

Officially, it is for financial stability. In reality, it is nothing but obedience and deprivation of freedom. The stench of the Soviet past proves pestilential.<\/p>\n

\n

Towards a Total Ban on Foreign Currencies<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A battery of measures \u201cproposed\u201d by the Russian Minister of Finance will prohibit any transaction denominated in foreign currency for residents of the country. From now on, the President has full authority to decree monetary regulation and to impose restrictions on the opening, or even the maintenance, of a bank account. The Kremlin will be empowered to make illegal any unauthorized exchange operation in dollars or euros, which in any case will require a special permit from the Presidency to be transferred abroad.<\/p>\n

\n

A Methodical Strategy of Isolation<\/strong><\/h3>\n

This marks yet another step in the gradual isolation\u2014both economic and political\u2014of its citizens, methodically organized by Putin, who has progressively established strict control over capital flows, seized and nationalized private assets, branded as \u201cforeign agents\u201d any organizations not loyal to him, and blocked access to popular messaging services. Putin is opening a new front\u2014this time not with weapons, but with instruments that will suffocate his population. The economic\u2014and even physical\u2014prison now awaits Russians who still keep a few foreign banknotes under their mattresses, having seen one by one every door and every window to the outside world shut before them.<\/p>\n

\n

The Specter of the Stalinist Model<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A sad d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu, in truth\u2014and an outdated one\u2014for Stalin\u2019s USSR, which at the time monopolized every Deutsche Mark, franc, and dollar, deemed any foreign exchange transaction highly subversive. \u201cEnemies of the people,\u201d those unlucky enough to be caught with foreign currencies were deported to the Gulag, sometimes executed. This state monopoly, forcing citizens to have only the ruble as their horizon, was exercised in the Soviet Union with total paranoia. A tiny elite decided who would be allowed to touch dollars, who could travel, who would vanish into the camps. The ruble was proof of loyalty, and foreign currencies an infallible sign of treason, in a context where money was as important as ideology\u2014since foreign cash symbolized contagion.<\/p>\n

\n

An Economy Under Surveillance<\/strong><\/h3>\n

In doing so, the USSR strengthened its economic isolation, broke the momentum of its trade, undermined innovation, accelerated stagnation, encouraged the black market, and ruined its currency. The surveillance of citizens led to economic catastrophe, as businesses could plan or foresee nothing, and households faced relentless inflation due to the scarcity of imports. These latest Putin measures carry essentially the same brutality as those of his predecessor, for the Kremlin has revived an era in which economic control was the preferred instrument to secure political obedience.<\/p>\n

\n

The Final Message: Loyalty Above All<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The message sent to Russians is simple: your savings no longer belong to you. The one sent to the markets is equally clear: loyalty takes precedence over solvency.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Officially, it is for financial stability. In reality, it is nothing but obedience and deprivation of freedom. The stench of the Soviet past proves pestilential. Towards a Total Ban on Foreign Currencies A battery of measures \u201cproposed\u201d by the Russian Minister of Finance will prohibit any transaction denominated in foreign currency for residents of the…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":30511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[648941782,648941699],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-putin","category-russia"],"yoast_head":"\nMoscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Officially, it is for financial stability. In reality, it is nothing but obedience and deprivation of freedom. The stench of the Soviet past proves pestilential. Towards a Total Ban on Foreign Currencies A battery of measures \u201cproposed\u201d by the Russian Minister of Finance will prohibit any transaction denominated in foreign currency for residents of the…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-26T20:00:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ruble.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1188\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"headline\":\"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-26T20:00:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble\"},\"wordCount\":486,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Putin\",\"Russia\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble\",\"name\":\"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain - Michel Santi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-26T20:00:10+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1\",\"width\":1900,\"height\":1188},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/putin\\\/russia-rouble#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"description\":\"\\\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\\\", Seneca the Younger\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Michel Santi\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/author\\\/msanti17\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain - Michel Santi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain - Michel Santi","og_description":"Officially, it is for financial stability. In reality, it is nothing but obedience and deprivation of freedom. The stench of the Soviet past proves pestilential. Towards a Total Ban on Foreign Currencies A battery of measures \u201cproposed\u201d by the Russian Minister of Finance will prohibit any transaction denominated in foreign currency for residents of the…","og_url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble","og_site_name":"Michel Santi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste","article_published_time":"2025-10-26T20:00:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1900,"height":1188,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ruble.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Michel Santi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@michelsanti1","twitter_site":"@michelsanti1","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Michel Santi","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble"},"author":{"name":"Michel Santi","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"headline":"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain","datePublished":"2025-10-26T20:00:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble"},"wordCount":486,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1","articleSection":["Putin","Russia"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble","name":"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain - Michel Santi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1","datePublished":"2025-10-26T20:00:10+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1","width":1900,"height":1188},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/putin\/russia-rouble#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Moscow Closes the Monetary Iron Curtain"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/","name":"Michel Santi","description":"\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\", Seneca the Younger","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4","name":"Michel Santi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Michel Santi"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"],"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/author\/msanti17"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ruble.jpg?fit=1900%2C1188&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pagvtB-7W4","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":21290,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/speculation-2\/bitcoin-and-the-conspiracy-theorists","url_meta":{"origin":30508,"position":0},"title":"Bitcoin and the conspiracy theorists","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 17, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Those frothing at the mouth over this \u201cmonetary revolution\u201d take refuge in mistrusting their government, or in lacking confidence in their currency that they think won\u2019t be worth much the next day due to the actions of the central banks. Or it\u2019s for both reasons, that alas have got\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Bitcoin"","block_context":{"text":"Bitcoin","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/bitcoin-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/picsouargent.jpg?fit=770%2C470&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/picsouargent.jpg?fit=770%2C470&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/picsouargent.jpg?fit=770%2C470&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/picsouargent.jpg?fit=770%2C470&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":19855,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/us-sanction\/sanctions-are-testaments-of-american-supremacy","url_meta":{"origin":30508,"position":1},"title":"Sanctions are testaments of American supremacy","author":"Michel Santi","date":"January 14, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Contrary to popular belief, it\u2019s not the weapon of the dollar that makes US sanctions against a country inescapable. The Greenback is of course the reserve currency par excellence on the global scale and naturally accounts for the American hegemony. However, doing business in another currency \u2013 for the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "US sanction"","block_context":{"text":"US sanction","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/us-sanction"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13640,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/central-banks\/the-dawning-of-a-monetary-and-financial-cataclysm","url_meta":{"origin":30508,"position":2},"title":"The dawning of a monetary and financial cataclysm","author":"Michel Santi","date":"October 5, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"It is the abundance of cash resources which has propelled financial markets, likewise for all assets in general, since 2009. This gigantic reflation, orchestrated to the sound of 10 to 12 trillion dollars being injected into the system, has been the main and fundamental source, having authorised a global assessment,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Central Banks"","block_context":{"text":"Central Banks","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/central-banks"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Burning_Money.png?fit=696%2C531&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Burning_Money.png?fit=696%2C531&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Burning_Money.png?fit=696%2C531&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":22483,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/turkish-lira\/turkey-autopsy-of-a-debacle","url_meta":{"origin":30508,"position":3},"title":"Turkey: autopsy of a debacle","author":"Michel Santi","date":"May 30, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 This country got lost in grandiose real estate projects that have turned out to be barely profitable. Instead of progressing from its economy\u2019s developmental stage by prioritising and banking on the traditional path\u2013 which is also enticing for foreign investors \u2013, a path that is characterised by gradual industrialisation,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Turkish hyperinflation"","block_context":{"text":"Turkish hyperinflation","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/turkish-hyperinflation"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/turque-lirvre.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/turque-lirvre.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/turque-lirvre.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/turque-lirvre.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/turque-lirvre.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":30944,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/curreny\/the-fetishism-of-cash-the-democratic-in-switzerland","url_meta":{"origin":30508,"position":4},"title":"The Fetishism of Cash, the Democratic Stalemate in Switzerland","author":"Michel Santi","date":"January 14, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 On March 8, the Swiss will vote on a popular initiative with an evocative title: \u201cCash is Freedom.\u201d Behind this appealing slogan lies a far deeper question: should a democracy engrave into its Constitution a monetary technology inherited from the 19th century, or should it equip itself to adapt\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "curreny"","block_context":{"text":"curreny","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/curreny"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/votations-CH-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/votations-CH-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/votations-CH-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/votations-CH-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/votations-CH-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13720,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/europe-is-the-weak-link-in-the-global-economy","url_meta":{"origin":30508,"position":5},"title":"Europe is the weak link in the global economy","author":"Michel Santi","date":"October 29, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Today, the crisis confronts those who delivered Europe to the technocrats, bankers and industrial types who are hardly concerned with a united and social Europe. This crisis is not only financial: it consecrates the failure of the European ultra-liberal model. The Founding Fathers of the ECB will focus all the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Economic growth"","block_context":{"text":"Economic growth","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/economic-growth"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30508"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30514,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30508\/revisions\/30514"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}