{"id":27395,"date":"2025-01-19T16:11:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-19T15:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?p=27395"},"modified":"2025-01-19T16:11:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-19T15:11:21","slug":"syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat","title":{"rendered":"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d&#8217;\u00c9tat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"27397\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/syrie\/syrie-enfin-le-retour-a-la-raison-detat\/attachment\/syrie\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg?fit=984%2C1056&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"984,1056\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Syrie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg?fit=954%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27397\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg?resize=984%2C1056&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"984\" height=\"1056\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg?w=984&amp;ssl=1 984w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg?resize=280%2C300&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg?resize=954%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 954w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg?resize=768%2C824&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 984px) 100vw, 984px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Syrian government has just increased customs duties on all imports from Turkey by a staggering <strong>300%<\/strong>. Has Ahmad el Charaa, Damascus&#8217; new strongman, drawn inspiration from Donald Trump, who has repeatedly threatened trade partners with sharp tariff hikes since taking office? Not quite. The recently installed Syrian administration is, in fact, harmonizing its customs duties, simultaneously reducing tariffs on imports from Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq by <strong>60<\/strong>%.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This significant disparity in tariffs imposed on goods from these three Arab neighbors versus those from Turkey was deliberately established by the previous Assad administration. Until the fall of the Syrian dictator, Turkish goods were virtually exempt from tariffs, while imports from &#8220;sister&#8221; Arab nations faced heavy penalties. This <strong>harmonization of Syrian tariffs<\/strong> is causing uproar\u2014an understatement\u2014among Turkish business circles, and understandably so. Turkish exports to Syria have exceeded $2 billion annually for several years.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>As a key player in the region and host to three million Syrian refugees, Turkey now faces a freeze\u2014or outright suspension\u2014of all its exports to Syria. The hardest hit appears to be Turkey\u2019s agri-food sector, which had been exporting massive quantities of grains, legumes, oilseeds, and other agricultural products to Syria. Turkey\u2019s cement industry is also likely to suffer, with some exporters reporting Syrian duties of $27 on a $50 bag of cement. The abrupt shift has left Turkish exporters reeling, questioning what influence their country still wields in Syria. Unsurprisingly, some Turkish officials have issued warnings, predicting severe inflation and a collapse in Syrian purchasing power as a consequence of the steep 300% tariff hike.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The new Syrian leadership is, however, attempting to establish a fairer playing field in import duties with neighboring countries while seeking to generate much-needed revenue. Syria, dry of resources, has been suffering under international sanctions for 13 years. Business leaders from Lebanon and Jordan have openly voiced their grievances to el Charaa and his team, decrying the unfair competition posed by Turkish goods, which had flooded the Syrian market due to their preferential treatment.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Despite this backlash, the new regime in Damascus appears unpressured, for one simple reason: food prices have plummeted since the fall of the Assad clique. The dictator\u2019s corrupt system had monopolized nearly all quality imports at border checkpoints, diverting them to a privileged Syrian elite and the 170,000 soldiers that made up his army. Assad\u2019s fall has resulted in well-stocked markets and grocery stores offering quality goods at prices halved\u2014or even lower\u2014compared to those under his rule.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For example, the price of a kilo of potatoes has dropped from 9,000 Syrian pounds to 4,000; Lebanese bananas are now 30% cheaper; olive oil from Idlib costs a quarter of what it did before; and cigarettes, once monopolized by Assad\u2019s allies, have seen their prices fall from 13,000 to 7,000 pounds per pack. The <em>spectacular recovery of the Syrian pound\u2014from 22,000 to 12,000 per U.S. dollar<\/em> since Assad\u2019s departure\u2014is another significant factor contributing to the price decline.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This reprieve is a welcome relief for a population devastated under the previous regime, where 90% lived below the poverty line. It also offers a glimmer of hope for a country that, according to the World Bank, has seen 85% of its GDP wiped out.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; The Syrian government has just increased customs duties on all imports from Turkey by a staggering 300%. Has Ahmad el Charaa, Damascus&#8217; new strongman, drawn inspiration from Donald Trump, who has repeatedly threatened trade partners with sharp tariff hikes since taking office? Not quite. The recently installed Syrian administration is, in fact, harmonizing&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[648942780,648942779,648942651],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-al-charaa","category-joulani","category-syria"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d&#039;\u00c9tat - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d&#039;\u00c9tat - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp; The Syrian government has just increased customs duties on all imports from Turkey by a staggering 300%. Has Ahmad el Charaa, Damascus&#8217; new strongman, drawn inspiration from Donald Trump, who has repeatedly threatened trade partners with sharp tariff hikes since taking office? Not quite. The recently installed Syrian administration is, in fact, harmonizing&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-19T15:11:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"headline\":\"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d&#8217;\u00c9tat\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-19T15:11:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat\"},\"wordCount\":547,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/Syrie.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"al Charaa\",\"Joulani\",\"Syria\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat\",\"name\":\"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d'\u00c9tat - Michel Santi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/Syrie.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-19T15:11:21+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/Syrie.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/Syrie.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/joulani\\\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d&#8217;\u00c9tat\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"description\":\"\\\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\\\", Seneca the Younger\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Michel Santi\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/author\\\/msanti17\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d'\u00c9tat - Michel Santi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d'\u00c9tat - Michel Santi","og_description":"&nbsp; &nbsp; The Syrian government has just increased customs duties on all imports from Turkey by a staggering 300%. Has Ahmad el Charaa, Damascus&#8217; new strongman, drawn inspiration from Donald Trump, who has repeatedly threatened trade partners with sharp tariff hikes since taking office? Not quite. The recently installed Syrian administration is, in fact, harmonizing&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat","og_site_name":"Michel Santi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste","article_published_time":"2025-01-19T15:11:21+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Michel Santi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@michelsanti1","twitter_site":"@michelsanti1","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Michel Santi","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat"},"author":{"name":"Michel Santi","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"headline":"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d&#8217;\u00c9tat","datePublished":"2025-01-19T15:11:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat"},"wordCount":547,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg","articleSection":["al Charaa","Joulani","Syria"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat","name":"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d'\u00c9tat - Michel Santi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg","datePublished":"2025-01-19T15:11:21+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Syrie.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/joulani\/syria-finally-the-return-to-raison-detat#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Syria: Finally, the Return to Raison d&#8217;\u00c9tat"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/","name":"Michel Santi","description":"\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\", Seneca the Younger","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4","name":"Michel Santi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Michel Santi"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"],"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/author\/msanti17"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pagvtB-77R","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":27458,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/tariffs-2\/trump-and-arab-philosophy","url_meta":{"origin":27395,"position":0},"title":"Trump and Arab Philosophy","author":"Michel Santi","date":"February 1, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 The White House confirmed tariffs will be implemented today: 25% on Canada, 25% on Mexico, 10% on China. Did you know that \"tariff\" comes from Arabic from the word \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (ta\u2018rifa), which means a \"list of prices\"? Ibn Khaldun, in his Muqaddimah, discusses taxation and economic policies, using terms\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;tariffs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"tariffs","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/tariffs-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ibn-Khaldoun.jpg?fit=866%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ibn-Khaldoun.jpg?fit=866%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ibn-Khaldoun.jpg?fit=866%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ibn-Khaldoun.jpg?fit=866%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26259,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/syria\/cheap-drugs-a-new-calamity-for-arab-countries","url_meta":{"origin":27395,"position":1},"title":"Cheap drugs, a new calamity for Arab countries","author":"Michel Santi","date":"June 2, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 The Middle East is awash with Captagon. A mixture of amphetamine and caffeine, this drug has become particularly popular in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Workers and partygoers use and abuse it, partly to suppress hunger and partly to stay awake as long as possible. These two\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Arab countries&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arab countries","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/arab-countries"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/escobar.jpg?fit=1200%2C738&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/escobar.jpg?fit=1200%2C738&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/escobar.jpg?fit=1200%2C738&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/escobar.jpg?fit=1200%2C738&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/escobar.jpg?fit=1200%2C738&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":28804,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/financial-crisis\/tariffs","url_meta":{"origin":27395,"position":2},"title":"Trump\u2019s Tariffs: Economic Voodoo at Work","author":"Michel Santi","date":"April 7, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\"They are to economics what creationism is to biology, and astrology is to astronomy,\" tweeted Larry Summers, former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. A statement that highlights the sheer absurdity \u2014 even outright foolishness \u2014 of the tariffs imposed by the Trump administration. Why then has Lesotho, one of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;financial crisis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"financial crisis","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/financial-crisis"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gnk2Z6rW8AASGdE.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gnk2Z6rW8AASGdE.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gnk2Z6rW8AASGdE.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gnk2Z6rW8AASGdE.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gnk2Z6rW8AASGdE.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27137,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/tariffs\/currency-wars","url_meta":{"origin":27395,"position":3},"title":"Currency is the Perfect and Easy Weapon Against Trade Wars","author":"Michel Santi","date":"November 23, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 In 2018, as part of their trade war, the U.S. imposed an average tariff of 12.5% on imports from China. The direct consequence? The yuan gradually declined by a similar proportion. Now, consider the U.S. imposing tariffs on imports from the Eurozone. For the European Union, the best defense\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;currency manipulation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"currency manipulation","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/currency-manipulation"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/eur.png?fit=1200%2C516&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/eur.png?fit=1200%2C516&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/eur.png?fit=1200%2C516&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/eur.png?fit=1200%2C516&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/eur.png?fit=1200%2C516&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":29821,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/lebanon\/lebanon-syria-israel","url_meta":{"origin":27395,"position":4},"title":"The Abraham Divide","author":"Michel Santi","date":"July 11, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"November 2025 \u2013 Syria officially signs the Abraham Accords during a high-profile ceremony in Washington. Under the patronage of President Trump, the concessions are mutual: Israel grants limited economic rights over the Golan Heights, while Syria agrees to normalize diplomatic and commercial relations with its neighbor. The United States lifts\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Abraham accords&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Abraham accords","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/abraham-accords"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The_Kaba_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca_Saudi_Arabia.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The_Kaba_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca_Saudi_Arabia.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The_Kaba_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca_Saudi_Arabia.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The_Kaba_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca_Saudi_Arabia.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The_Kaba_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca_Saudi_Arabia.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/The_Kaba_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca_Saudi_Arabia.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27463,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/tariffs\/how-to-resist-economic-vassalization","url_meta":{"origin":27395,"position":5},"title":"The exorbitant burden","author":"Michel Santi","date":"February 3, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \"We consider it unlikely that customs tariffs will be put in place. The weapon of customs tariffs will always be loaded and ready to be used, but rarely triggered. Another differentiated point of view that we have is that Trump will pursue a weak dollar policy rather than imposing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;tariffs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"tariffs","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/tariffs"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Scott-Bessent.jpg?fit=1170%2C471&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Scott-Bessent.jpg?fit=1170%2C471&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Scott-Bessent.jpg?fit=1170%2C471&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Scott-Bessent.jpg?fit=1170%2C471&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Scott-Bessent.jpg?fit=1170%2C471&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27395"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27403,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27395\/revisions\/27403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}