{"id":26339,"date":"2024-06-24T10:54:03","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T08:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?p=26339"},"modified":"2024-06-24T10:54:03","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T08:54:03","slug":"the-ecb-both-a-solution-and-a-problem-for-european-national-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/monetary-policy\/the-ecb-both-a-solution-and-a-problem-for-european-national-policies","title":{"rendered":"The ECB: Both a Solution and a Problem for European National Policies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26344\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ecb-forum.jpg?resize=1170%2C781&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ecb-forum.jpg?w=1900&amp;ssl=1 1900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ecb-forum.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ecb-forum.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ecb-forum.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ecb-forum.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ecb-forum.jpg?resize=1200%2C801&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The European Union is repeating the same mistakes the United States made during the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s. Europe needs fiscal stimuli and budget deficits. Unemployment and the decline in purchasing power are not the result of &#8220;budgetary indiscipline,&#8221; but rather stem directly from weak demand. This lesson from the Great Depression is ignored by the European intelligentsia, which, instead of using stimulus measures to avoid a liquidity trap, is paralyzed by the Stability and Growth Pact, synonymous with austerity. <strong>This dogma is turning Europe into an economic desert.<\/strong> How can we overcome the self-fulfilling prophecy that less demand mechanically leads to&#8230; even less demand, and thus to less production? And how can we explain to our leaders, who often lack knowledge in this area, the difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It is now vital for the entire Union that the only institution still endowed with powerful leverage \u2013 the European Central Bank \u2013 breaks this stranglehold of austerity and underinvestment that is slowly suffocating our economies. Answerable to no one, our European Central Bank nevertheless has sanctioning powers, including over national policies, because the instruments at its disposal can play an active role \u2013 <em>even through their non-use<\/em> \u2013 on the outcome of our national elections. This famous &#8220;spread&#8221; between French and German debt, which doom-mongers constantly predict will diverge and worsen to France&#8217;s detriment, is entirely dependent on the goodwill and action of the ECB, which has perfect control over it. Only it can use a tiny portion of its arsenal to bring the two curves closer together and thus demonstrate to speculators its unwavering determination. Unfortunately, the ECB is not a neutral central bank: it has repeatedly proven its ability to coerce national states. Over the years, it has not hesitated to let \u2013 and even intensify \u2013 panic winds on the various bond markets of European black sheep that deviated from strict fiscal orthodoxy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Today, following the dissolution of the National Assembly in France, could the strategy of the highest European authorities be <strong>to let the Franco-German spread widen to fuel fears about certain candidates<\/strong>? The fact is that markets only gain the power to ravage a country when the Central Bank lets them. The ECB must therefore act and fulfill its sacred duty to protect European nations from the ravages of speculation. The central banker can take refuge in splendid isolation and claim independence. In an increasingly depressed European context, without a national currency to devalue to restore competitiveness, only the ECB is responsible for regulating demand within the zone it controls. <strong>It has the fire extinguishers<\/strong>: it must use them or at least loudly proclaim its determination to do so.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; The European Union is repeating the same mistakes the United States made during the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s. Europe needs fiscal stimuli and budget deficits. Unemployment and the decline in purchasing power are not the result of &#8220;budgetary indiscipline,&#8221; but rather stem directly from weak demand. This lesson from the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[648941266,648941736,648941294,648941273],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecb","category-monetary-policy","category-neoliberalism","category-public-deficits"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The ECB: Both a Solution and a Problem for European National Policies - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/monetary-policy\/the-ecb-both-a-solution-and-a-problem-for-european-national-policies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The ECB: Both a Solution and a Problem for European National Policies - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp; The European Union is repeating the same mistakes the United States made during the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s. 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This crisis is not only financial: it consecrates the failure of the European ultra-liberal model. The Founding Fathers of the ECB will focus all the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Economic growth&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Economic growth","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/economic-growth"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":19310,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/central-banks\/the-future-of-europe-is-going-through-a-rehabilitation-of-its-experts","url_meta":{"origin":26339,"position":1},"title":"The future of Europe is going through a rehabilitation of its experts","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 4, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Growth since 2009: China +139%, India +96%, the US +34%, Europe \u20132%. These figures tell the story of the European Union\u2019s spiralling macroeconomic decline. The lack of reactivity of our public policies, in the aftermath of the financial crisis, led to a reduction in imports, with the most hard-hit eurozone\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Central Banks&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Central Banks","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/central-banks"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/thefutureofeurope.jpg?fit=480%2C300&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":19293,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/ordoliberalism\/german-ordoliberalism-versus-french-etatism","url_meta":{"origin":26339,"position":2},"title":"German ordoliberalism versus French Etatism","author":"Michel Santi","date":"February 20, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"If a referendum was to be organised in France off the back of a widescale national debate, and if President Macron really wanted to bring the country closer to a politics that clearly favoured growth and therefore buying power, the vote would have to centre around EU regulations on public\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;ordoliberalism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"ordoliberalism","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/ordoliberalism"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/France-allemagne.jpg?fit=800%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/France-allemagne.jpg?fit=800%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/France-allemagne.jpg?fit=800%2C490&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/France-allemagne.jpg?fit=800%2C490&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27702,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/ecb\/rearm-europe","url_meta":{"origin":26339,"position":3},"title":"Central Banks: The Hidden Engine of European Rearmament","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 9, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In 2015, during a joint NATO exercise, German soldiers were faced with such a severe weapon shortage that they had to replace unavailable machine guns... with broomsticks. Ironically, their leader at the time, Ursula von der Leyen, now President of the European Commission, is now trying to embody the continent's\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;ECB&quot;","block_context":{"text":"ECB","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/ecb"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Capture-decran_6-3-2025_175751_mexicodailypost.com_.jpeg?fit=1200%2C878&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Capture-decran_6-3-2025_175751_mexicodailypost.com_.jpeg?fit=1200%2C878&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Capture-decran_6-3-2025_175751_mexicodailypost.com_.jpeg?fit=1200%2C878&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Capture-decran_6-3-2025_175751_mexicodailypost.com_.jpeg?fit=1200%2C878&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Capture-decran_6-3-2025_175751_mexicodailypost.com_.jpeg?fit=1200%2C878&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":29875,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/central-banks\/euro-sovereign","url_meta":{"origin":26339,"position":4},"title":"The European flaw","author":"Michel Santi","date":"July 17, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The level of American household debt is at its lowest in 50 years. But how is this possible, you might ask, in an alarmist context where politicians and analysts keep sowing panic about the unsustainability of U.S. deficits? The equation is simple, and I\u2019ve been emphasizing it for years: public\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Central Banks&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Central Banks","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/central-banks"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/household.jpg?fit=1200%2C962&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/household.jpg?fit=1200%2C962&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/household.jpg?fit=1200%2C962&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/household.jpg?fit=1200%2C962&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/household.jpg?fit=1200%2C962&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":30848,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/monetary-activism\/2007-2025-so-many-missed-opportunities","url_meta":{"origin":26339,"position":5},"title":"2007\u20132025: So Many Missed Opportunities","author":"Michel Santi","date":"December 14, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Warning: the faint-hearted should abstain. The U.S. Federal Reserve announced last week that it will now purchase $40 billion per month of short-term U.S. Treasury securities, namely Treasury bills. Yes, the most powerful central bank in the world is once again engaging in Quantitative Easing (QE) \u2014 in plain language,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;European stagnation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"European stagnation","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/european-stagnation"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FED-ECB.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FED-ECB.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FED-ECB.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FED-ECB.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26339"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26348,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26339\/revisions\/26348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}