{"id":25737,"date":"2024-03-03T16:56:17","date_gmt":"2024-03-03T15:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?p=25737"},"modified":"2024-03-03T18:54:04","modified_gmt":"2024-03-03T17:54:04","slug":"the-purpose-of-money","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/neoliberalism\/the-purpose-of-money","title":{"rendered":"The purpose of money"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"25741\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/neoliberalism\/the-purpose-of-money\/attachment\/nixon-breghnev\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?fit=1900%2C1030&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1900,1030\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Nixon Breghnev\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?fit=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?resize=1170%2C634&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"634\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-25741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?w=1900&amp;ssl=1 1900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?resize=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?resize=768%2C416&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?resize=1536%2C833&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Nixon-Breghnev.jpg?resize=1200%2C651&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The German Finance Minister, Lindner, a great strategist in the eyes of the Almighty, announces the implementation of an austerity plan consisting of reducing public spending by 30 billion in 2025&#8230; thus condemning his country and the rest of Europe to assured recession.<\/p>\n<p>A recession occurs when a state is suddenly gripped by the desire to save, to spend less, inevitably leading to an exacerbation of unemployment, which inevitably leads to further decreases in consumption&#8230; This vicious circle leaves no doubt, suffers no debate, and can only be exorcised if the state in question neutralizes the fall in private spending and investment by increasing its own, even if it means borrowing more.<\/p>\n<p>At the dawn of this century, a new orthodoxy has emerged according to which states should primarily rely on the monetary policy of their central bank \u2013 that is, on interest rates \u2013 which would encourage spending and investment by lowering them, and which would withdraw liquidity from the economy by raising them in order to slow it down. In any case, states were instructed to meticulously monitor public spending so as not to incur the wrath of financial markets, which would make their borrowing more expensive.<\/p>\n<p>In the interest of our middle classes on the brink, in order to protect the most vulnerable among our citizens, our system urgently needs a thorough overhaul. We must collectively rethink public action and spending, the role of taxes and duties, in short, the purpose of money.<\/p>\n<p>Austerity is a deliberate act conscientiously decreed by our leaders. It is always and only for \u2013 dare I say ulterior motives? \u2013 political reasons that our leaders choose to tax, spend, favor one group or class over others. I see indeed no other motivation except politics, for which a government would arbitrate in favor of or against one expense or another, because the money is there, available! Let us stop announcing alleged difficult decisions to make, because we do indeed have the means to both significantly reduce unemployment, reinvest in the economy and in citizens, instead of deliberately worsening an already depressed situation by hiding behind the worn-out screen of an austerity we know is deadly.<\/p>\n<p>Raising taxes and duties (on the rich and the less rich) withdraws precious sums from the economy and worsens the crisis. Raising interest rates sets in motion a harmful spiral as it drains precious liquidity out of the system. The rise in energy prices erodes our purchasing power and consolidates the perverse effects of austerity. Finally, the reduction of public spending affects first and foremost those who most need protection, and jeopardizes the future and comfort of a nation.<\/p>\n<p>No, states do not need to save money, because the budget of a sovereign state is not managed like that of a household. Let us understand that our national debt is not so much a &#8220;debt&#8221; as a &#8220;deficit.&#8221; This deficit of our state is the money I have in my pocket, it is the investments my country makes in my country and which as such do not need to be repaid. Sovereign states \u2013 that is, those that issue their own currency without any indexing \u2013 should learn to tame their deficit, a term I intentionally use in the singular because there is no need to dramatize its significance by using plural. A nation that controls its currency is able to boost its growth and support its employment through the lever of public spending without risking default.<\/p>\n<p>It is therefore impossible \u2013 and absolutely undesirable \u2013 to reduce the deficit because that would mean confiscating our savings and disinvesting in the state since the deficit of our state is precisely our wealth. Are our policies amateurs or ignorant?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The German Finance Minister, Lindner, a great strategist in the eyes of the Almighty, announces the implementation of an austerity plan consisting of reducing public spending by 30 billion in 2025&#8230; thus condemning his country and the rest of Europe to assured recession. A recession occurs when a state is suddenly gripped by the desire&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":25734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[648941294,648941744],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neoliberalism","category-new-paradigm"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The purpose of money - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/neoliberalism\/the-purpose-of-money\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The purpose of money - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The German Finance Minister, Lindner, a great strategist in the eyes of the Almighty, announces the implementation of an austerity plan consisting of reducing public spending by 30 billion in 2025&#8230; thus condemning his country and the rest of Europe to assured recession. 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Europe, for its part, as usual, stagnates, vegetates. Wait: unless it tries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;europe crisis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"europe crisis","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/europe-crisis"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/leyenmc.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/leyenmc.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/leyenmc.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/leyenmc.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/leyenmc.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13724,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/disintegrating-europe","url_meta":{"origin":25737,"position":1},"title":"Disintegrating Europe","author":"Michel Santi","date":"December 6, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Europe was founded and edified on the famous principle of the four liberties. Capital, goods, services and work are meant to be able to move without any restriction anywhere in this mercantile Europe. Unlimited competition goes hand in hand with minimum control over the private sector, which together are supposed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;European Union&quot;","block_context":{"text":"European Union","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/european-union"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":30280,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/the-fiscal-monetary-nexus\/fiscal-and-monetary-an-inseparable-pair","url_meta":{"origin":25737,"position":2},"title":"Fiscal and Monetary: An Inseparable Pair","author":"Michel Santi","date":"September 21, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Public debt: an \u201cexistential threat.\u201d That is how it is described by the guardians of budgetary orthodoxy, whose alarmism owes more to populism than to a rigorous understanding of the mechanisms at play. Their discourse aims to instill fear for ideological purposes. It serves a hidden agenda. Unless, perhaps, they\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Not the Budget&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Not the Budget","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/not-the-budget"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fiscal-monetary.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fiscal-monetary.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fiscal-monetary.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fiscal-monetary.png?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13746,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/interest-rates\/no-economic-recovery-without-political-courage","url_meta":{"origin":25737,"position":3},"title":"No economic recovery without political courage","author":"Michel Santi","date":"June 20, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Seven years of growth, and three rates rises in a few months. But the US economy is nevertheless at the dawning of a recession! In spite of the monetary policy which seems to be on its way to normalisation, interest rates will never be \u2013 when the next, imminent crisis\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;growth&quot;","block_context":{"text":"growth","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/growth"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":23708,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/inflation-en\/recession-better-than-inflation","url_meta":{"origin":25737,"position":4},"title":"Recession better than inflation ?","author":"Michel Santi","date":"December 17, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 346 interest rate hikes have taken place to date around the world, an absolute record since the 1980s ! The only weapon to counter inflation is for the key rate of a central bank to exceed the rate of inflation by around 150 basis points, knowing that this rate\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Inflation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Inflation","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/inflation-en"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/BC.png?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/BC.png?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/BC.png?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/BC.png?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/BC.png?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":19475,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/modern-monetary-theory\/the-monetary-theory-mmt-that-has-nothing-modern-about-it","url_meta":{"origin":25737,"position":5},"title":"The Monetary Theory (MMT) that has nothing Modern about it","author":"Michel Santi","date":"June 11, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 I\u2019ve been writing it since 2010. I\u2019ve released several books and hundreds of articles meticulously defending the position. Sovereign States \u2013 that being those who issue their own currency independently of any indexation \u2013 should learn to love, or at the very least live with, their public deficits. Because\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;deficits&quot;","block_context":{"text":"deficits","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/category\/deficits-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/keynes.jpg?fit=395%2C220&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25737"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25743,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25737\/revisions\/25743"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}