{"id":25166,"date":"2023-09-24T21:49:56","date_gmt":"2023-09-24T19:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?p=25166"},"modified":"2023-09-24T21:51:38","modified_gmt":"2023-09-24T19:51:38","slug":"american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword","title":{"rendered":"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

mace weapon of wood with metal spikes and wires on an isolated white background.<\/p><\/div>\n

Sanctions are a lever frequently employed, certainly because it allows the rulers who use and abuse them to avoid costly armed conflicts. Sanctions represent a kind of “low-cost” warfare.<\/p>\n

Not quite, in reality, because these retaliatory measures against a state – far from harming its officials – primarily punish the most vulnerable under the yoke of repressive systems. While it is effortless for a country like the USA to impose them through its dozens of federal agencies, each with its specialty, no one is held accountable within these administrations if these same sanctions harm the innocent civilian populations of nations under embargo, American foreign policy, or even US companies and banks obliged to adhere to them.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, it is extraordinarily complicated to lift sanctions in a country like the United States – responsible for about half of them since the 1950s – due to bureaucracy, even if they no longer serve national interests. Let’s focus on the case of the USA, whose number of sanctions imposed by the Treasury has skyrocketed from around 1,000 in the year 2000 to nearly 10,000 today. While the Trump administration added an average of 3 names per day to a list of individuals banned from banking, Biden did so with gusto during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<\/p>\n

The use of this weapon has thus become systematic over the past twenty years to prevent access to nuclear weapons, punish dictators, dismantle terrorist networks, despite the burdens imposed even on American citizens who, in reality, have no effective means to challenge these measures often unilaterally adopted by their leaders. Decreed and implemented with disconcerting ease, these sanctions are a kind of bludgeon that destroys everything in its path when they should be activated with finesse to avoid harming the innocent, numerous American companies and citizens, and incidentally, allies.<\/p>\n

In short, most of the current US sanctions undermine the rhetoric that the United States of America are fervent defenders of human rights and the best promoters of peace in the world. Therefore, they must be much better targeted, calibrated, and not put in place almost automatically. Finally, these sanctions must be able to be canceled with the same ease. Otherwise, they lose their effectiveness, or even turn against American interests. Some voices are heard within the US leadership circles, such as that of a former member of Biden’s National Security Council, Peter Harrell<\/a>, who proposes that sanctions imposed on a country or individual automatically expire unless expressly renewed by Congress.<\/p>\n

An obvious point: sanctions aimed at regime change in the targeted nation do not work! In this regard, the failure of those imposed in 1962 by Kennedy against Cuba is evident, lifted in 2014 by Obama before being reinstated by Trump. Even worse when these sanctions serve the current dictator, as in the case of Maduro, who blames the Americans for the economic decline of his country. And he is not entirely wrong, as the embargo on Venezuelan oil – which accounts for 90% of the country’s exports – has had disastrous consequences on an increasingly impoverished population, allowing their head of state to consolidate his power while getting closer to Russia and China. However, sanctions can be constructive if they are accompanied by a concrete and realistic goal to achieve, as was the case in 1986 when those imposed on South Africa promised to be lifted upon the abolition of apartheid and the release of Nelson Mandela.<\/p>\n

To be effective, to avoid harming innocents at all costs, to preserve their own vital interests, sanctions by a country like the United States – which are undoubtedly a devastating weapon – must, therefore, be implemented with discernment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sanctions are a lever frequently employed, certainly because it allows the rulers who use and abuse them to avoid costly armed conflicts. Sanctions represent a kind of “low-cost” warfare. Not quite, in reality, because these retaliatory measures against a state – far from harming its officials – primarily punish the most vulnerable under the yoke…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":25162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[648942446,648941845],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-embargo-2","category-sanctions-2"],"yoast_head":"\nAmerican Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sanctions are a lever frequently employed, certainly because it allows the rulers who use and abuse them to avoid costly armed conflicts. Sanctions represent a kind of “low-cost” warfare. Not quite, in reality, because these retaliatory measures against a state – far from harming its officials – primarily punish the most vulnerable under the yoke…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-09-24T19:49:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-24T19:51:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"headline\":\"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-09-24T19:49:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-24T19:51:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword\"},\"wordCount\":630,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"embargo\",\"sanctions\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword\",\"name\":\"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword - Michel Santi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-09-24T19:49:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-24T19:51:38+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1\",\"width\":1300,\"height\":1300,\"caption\":\"mace weapon of wood with metal spikes and wires on an isolated white background.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/sanctions-2\\\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"description\":\"\\\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\\\", Seneca the Younger\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Michel Santi\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/author\\\/msanti17\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword - Michel Santi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword - Michel Santi","og_description":"Sanctions are a lever frequently employed, certainly because it allows the rulers who use and abuse them to avoid costly armed conflicts. Sanctions represent a kind of “low-cost” warfare. Not quite, in reality, because these retaliatory measures against a state – far from harming its officials – primarily punish the most vulnerable under the yoke…","og_url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword","og_site_name":"Michel Santi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste","article_published_time":"2023-09-24T19:49:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-09-24T19:51:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1300,"height":1300,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Michel Santi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@michelsanti1","twitter_site":"@michelsanti1","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Michel Santi","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword"},"author":{"name":"Michel Santi","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"headline":"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword","datePublished":"2023-09-24T19:49:56+00:00","dateModified":"2023-09-24T19:51:38+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword"},"wordCount":630,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1","articleSection":["embargo","sanctions"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword","name":"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword - Michel Santi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1","datePublished":"2023-09-24T19:49:56+00:00","dateModified":"2023-09-24T19:51:38+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1","width":1300,"height":1300,"caption":"mace weapon of wood with metal spikes and wires on an isolated white background."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/sanctions-2\/american-sanctions-a-double-edged-sword#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"American Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/","name":"Michel Santi","description":"\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\", Seneca the Younger","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4","name":"Michel Santi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Michel Santi"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"],"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/author\/msanti17"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/massue-de-bois-avec-des-pointes-et-des-fils-metalliques.jpg?fit=1300%2C1300&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pagvtB-6xU","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":19855,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/us-sanction\/sanctions-are-testaments-of-american-supremacy","url_meta":{"origin":25166,"position":0},"title":"Sanctions are testaments of American supremacy","author":"Michel Santi","date":"January 14, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Contrary to popular belief, it\u2019s not the weapon of the dollar that makes US sanctions against a country inescapable. The Greenback is of course the reserve currency par excellence on the global scale and naturally accounts for the American hegemony. However, doing business in another currency \u2013 for the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "US sanction"","block_context":{"text":"US sanction","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/us-sanction"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/us-sanctions.jpg?fit=1000%2C486&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26871,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/us-sanctions\/sanctions-the-united-states-low-cost-war","url_meta":{"origin":25166,"position":1},"title":"Sanctions: The United States’ ‘Low-Cost’ War","author":"Michel Santi","date":"September 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Between diplomacy and war, sanctions have become the centerpiece of the American arsenal, a fundamental lever in the service of U.S. foreign policy. By cutting off access to the Western economy, sanctions dismantle industries, devastate personal fortunes, and disrupt\u2014often exacerbate\u2014the political imbalances of targeted regimes. All without endangering a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "US sanctions"","block_context":{"text":"US sanctions","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/us-sanctions"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/GXUuCDmbwAAO_CV.png?fit=1090%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/GXUuCDmbwAAO_CV.png?fit=1090%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/GXUuCDmbwAAO_CV.png?fit=1090%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/GXUuCDmbwAAO_CV.png?fit=1090%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/GXUuCDmbwAAO_CV.png?fit=1090%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13820,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/oil\/iran-is-losing-but-it-is-far-from-checkmate","url_meta":{"origin":25166,"position":2},"title":"Iran is losing but it is far from checkmate","author":"Michel Santi","date":"September 12, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Has the Iranian rial lost more than half of its value against the dollar since the start of this year? It\u2019s routine for this country\u2019s economy that has seen this same thing other times as, since the end of the Iraq war, each Iranian president has effectively been faced with\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Oil"","block_context":{"text":"Oil","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/oil"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Iran.jpg?fit=1024%2C578&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Iran.jpg?fit=1024%2C578&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Iran.jpg?fit=1024%2C578&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Iran.jpg?fit=1024%2C578&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21944,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/russia\/russia-a-poor-power","url_meta":{"origin":25166,"position":3},"title":"Russia: a poor power","author":"Michel Santi","date":"February 8, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 In terms of sanctions against it, Russia is particularly vulnerable when it comes to technology. Its dependency goes back a long time, to the Soviet era in fact because \u2013 despite the USSR exporting more machines and machine tools than it imported numerically-speaking \u2013 the value of these imports\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Russia"","block_context":{"text":"Russia","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/russia"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Putin.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Putin.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Putin.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Putin.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Putin.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":22072,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/china-financial-victory-without-military-intervention","url_meta":{"origin":25166,"position":4},"title":"China: financial victory without military intervention","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 14, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 China\u2019s currency just overtook the once almighty yen. SWIFT, the international payment system, must now use the yuan that has become the 4th biggest currency after the dollar, the euro and the Swiss franc. Long considered to be speculative, the \u201crenminbi\u201d seems to be undergoing a full transformation, with\u2026","rel":"","context":"With 2 comments","block_context":{"text":"With 2 comments","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/china-financial-victory-without-military-intervention#comments"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Ctzjc3tWgAAoM7H-300x163.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":22109,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/china\/china-financial-victory-without-military-intervention-2","url_meta":{"origin":25166,"position":5},"title":"China: financial victory without military intervention","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 22, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 China\u2019s currency just overtook the once almighty yen. SWIFT, the international payment system, must now use the yuan that has become the 4th\u00a0biggest currency after the dollar, the euro and the Swiss franc. Long considered to be speculative, the \u201crenminbi\u201d seems to be undergoing a full transformation, with such\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "China"","block_context":{"text":"China","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/china"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/chine-300x169.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25166"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25169,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25166\/revisions\/25169"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}