{"id":13817,"date":"2018-09-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-03T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.blog\/2018\/09\/04\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\/"},"modified":"2018-10-17T17:43:08","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T15:43:08","slug":"saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility","title":{"rendered":"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7646\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?resize=553%2C553&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"553\" height=\"553\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Saudis\u2019 decision to suspend indefinitely the sensationally announced sale of 5% of the national oil company, Aramco, has called the credibility of the Prince, Mohammed bin Salman, directly into question. The offering of this giant on the stock market was in fact the cornerstone of the Prince&#8217;s politics, hoping to diversify his Kingdom&#8217;s economy using the 100 billion dollars that were meant to be the fruit of this IPO, even if earnest and credible analysts had instead guarded this optimism by banking on income bordering on 75 or even 50 billion&#8230; Aramco\u2019s major international stock market offering was supposed to end the opacity of this Kingdom, and this IPO an opening-up and a welcome path to a culture of transparency which has absolutely not been the regime\u2019s prerogative. Actually, this sum levied on the financial markets could have relieved the country\u2019s roughly 13% current unemployment rate, and at the same time bought some time for a Kingdom sitting on a ticking time bomb of lack of social progress.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>But actually, the indefinite postponement of this IPO is calling into existential question the management of the whole process by the MBS team. It is even calling into question its mould \u2013 that being the renowned \u201cVision 2030\u201d \u2013 that has come out of it terribly compromised and that now just looks like a bad communication plan meant to propel the popularity of a Prince as ambitious as he is shady. Hadn&#8217;t Vision 2030 and its spearhead \u2013 Aramco\u2019s stock market offering \u2013 propelled MBS to the front of the international stage and sharpened the appetites of global investors? The corollary: don\u2019t the uncertainty and muddle around the Aramco IPO implicitly show the impulsiveness, indeed the incompetence, of the country\u2019s top leaders \u2026 who appear to be effective only when it comes to cooping opponents up in luxury hotels ?!<\/p>\n<p>Once called a visionary, the Prince is now seen simply as a political calculator after his attempt to neutralise the vigilance of global investors via this stock market offering that was meant to give the Kingdom an unprecedented level of transparency. In the end, the economic consequences will be severe for this country that has indeed been bleeding capital for years. Confidence there has in fact eroded so much that, according to JP Morgan, 65 billion dollars will leave the Kingdom in 2018, which is 8.4% of its GDP, after the 80 billion already lost in 2017. This blood loss triggered by the Saudi public itself will contribute immensely to the worsening of the economic climate, since it is effectively no less than 14 billion dollars in the first quarter of 2018 that have been invested by Saudi Arabia in global stock markets, according to Standard Chartered.<\/p>\n<p>The situation seems inextricable for this Kingdom where currency control doesn\u2019t formally exist. The strategy employed by the authorities for the last few months has been to contact \u2013 even making \u201ccourtesy visits\u201d to \u2013 every person and institution wishing to make substantial transfers abroad in order to discover their motives, and if possible to dissuade them from doing so. This mass exodus of capital is even more problematic since it comes at a time when oil tariffs are making a spectacular comeback, though in reality there hasn&#8217;t been any impact on the Saudi balance of payments, which is still in deficit. The Saudi authorities are not managing, it is true, to depart from their traditional policy of gargantuan public spending in order to offset weak growth and non-existent private investment.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s always the same story stuck on a loop in this country: its deficit spending covers for anecdotal levels of productivity and tries to revive a bloodless labour market that is all the more moribund since the nationals feel entitled to be paid handsomely when foreign workers are leaving the country in increasing numbers. In summary, the Saudi economy can no longer depend only on the government and its ability to pay off its debts, just like its economic cycles must no longer fluctuate at the sole discretion of oil income. The muddled and unimaginative public powers must therefore give way to private initiatives that will, however, be encouraged only by well-prepared economic reforms and not by grand gestures like Vision 2030 and Aramco, which most of the time are underpinned by ulterior political motives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The Saudis\u2019 decision to suspend indefinitely the sensationally announced sale of 5% of the national oil company, Aramco, has called the credibility of the Prince, Mohammed bin Salman, directly into question. The offering of this giant on the stock market was in fact the cornerstone of the Prince&#8217;s politics, hoping to diversify his Kingdom&#8217;s&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13818,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[648941288],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saudi-arabia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; The Saudis\u2019 decision to suspend indefinitely the sensationally announced sale of 5% of the national oil company, Aramco, has called the credibility of the Prince, Mohammed bin Salman, directly into question. The offering of this giant on the stock market was in fact the cornerstone of the Prince&#8217;s politics, hoping to diversify his Kingdom&#8217;s&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-03T22:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-10-17T15:43:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"553\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"553\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"headline\":\"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-09-03T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-17T15:43:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\"},\"wordCount\":722,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Saudi Arabia\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\",\"name\":\"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility - Michel Santi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-09-03T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-17T15:43:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1\",\"width\":553,\"height\":553},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"description\":\"\\\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\\\", Seneca the Younger\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Michel Santi\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/author\/msanti17\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility - Michel Santi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility - Michel Santi","og_description":"&nbsp; The Saudis\u2019 decision to suspend indefinitely the sensationally announced sale of 5% of the national oil company, Aramco, has called the credibility of the Prince, Mohammed bin Salman, directly into question. The offering of this giant on the stock market was in fact the cornerstone of the Prince&#8217;s politics, hoping to diversify his Kingdom&#8217;s&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility","og_site_name":"Michel Santi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste","article_published_time":"2018-09-03T22:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-10-17T15:43:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":553,"height":553,"url":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Michel Santi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@michelsanti1","twitter_site":"@michelsanti1","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Michel Santi","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility"},"author":{"name":"Michel Santi","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"headline":"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility","datePublished":"2018-09-03T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-17T15:43:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility"},"wordCount":722,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1","articleSection":["Saudi Arabia"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility","name":"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility - Michel Santi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1","datePublished":"2018-09-03T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-17T15:43:08+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1","width":553,"height":553},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-is-losing-whats-left-of-its-credibility#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Saudi Arabia is losing what\u2019s left of its credibility"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/","name":"Michel Santi","description":"\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\", Seneca the Younger","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4","name":"Michel Santi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Michel Santi"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"],"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/author\/msanti17"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Saudi_Arabia.png?fit=553%2C553&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pagvtB-3AR","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":13799,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/qatar-saudi-arabia-a-cold-peace","url_meta":{"origin":13817,"position":0},"title":"Qatar &#038; Saudi Arabia: a cold peace","author":"Michel Santi","date":"April 22, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"According to statements made by the then President of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh, \u201cQatar has too much money\u201d. In fact, only the insiders were familiar with this Emirate prior to the 1990s, even though the little State has distinguished itself as the richest in the world per capita thanks to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Saudi Arabia","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/saudi-arabia"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/golfe-carte.jpg?fit=655%2C502&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/golfe-carte.jpg?fit=655%2C502&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/golfe-carte.jpg?fit=655%2C502&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13670,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/saudi-arabia-black-swan-of-2016","url_meta":{"origin":13817,"position":1},"title":"Saudi Arabia: black swan of 2016","author":"Michel Santi","date":"January 14, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"The Angolan kwanza collapsed by 15% in a few hours as soon as the country\u2019s authorities effected its devaluation a few days ago. Last month it was Azerbaijan\u2019s currency, the manat, which lost a third of its value in a few hours when its national central bank decided to abandon\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Oil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Oil","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/oil"},"img":{"alt_text":"P\u00e9trole","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/P%C3%A9trole-1-267x300-267x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":13733,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/the-moment-of-truth-for-saudi-arabia-and-petrodollars","url_meta":{"origin":13817,"position":2},"title":"The moment of truth for Saudi Arabia and petrodollars","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 4, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"At the end of the Second World War, the enormous reserves of American gold - the largest in the world at the time - allowed this metal to construct a new world order centred around the dollar. The Bretton Woods Conference held in 1944 formalised the consecration of the greenback,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Oil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Oil","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/oil"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ibn_saoud.jpg?fit=377%2C437&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":13756,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/qatar-versus-saudi-arabia-david-and-goliath","url_meta":{"origin":13817,"position":3},"title":"Qatar versus Saudi Arabia: David and Goliath","author":"Michel Santi","date":"July 19, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Qatar's real crime? Having led a foreign policy at complete odds with that of the other Gulf nations. Things had been seriously flaring up between these different emirates (and Saudi Arabia) under the reign of the last Prince Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, who came to power in 1995. Then,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Saudi Arabia","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/saudi-arabia"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Qatar.jpg?fit=1200%2C473&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Qatar.jpg?fit=1200%2C473&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Qatar.jpg?fit=1200%2C473&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Qatar.jpg?fit=1200%2C473&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Qatar.jpg?fit=1200%2C473&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20031,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/dollar-2\/the-saudi-us-pact-reflection-of-a-vulnerable-america","url_meta":{"origin":13817,"position":4},"title":"The Saudi\/US pact: reflection of a vulnerable America","author":"Michel Santi","date":"February 17, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 The US is made a distant comeback. Its dollar was, at the start of the 1970s, in a precarious situation due to the exorbitant cost of the Vietnam war and the various social programmes whose combined effects meant the country could no longer maintain the parity with gold that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;dollar&quot;","block_context":{"text":"dollar","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/dollar-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/p%C3%A9trole-.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":13632,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/saudi-arabia\/checkmate-for-saudi-arabia","url_meta":{"origin":13817,"position":5},"title":"Checkmate for Saudi Arabia","author":"Michel Santi","date":"September 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"The debacle of oil prices has greatly exceeded that of the global financial crisis of 2008 and the Asian crisis of 1998. And it is much more severe. At the end of this summer of 2015, OPEC is just a shadow of its former self: simply put, it has been\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Oil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Oil","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/oil"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AI.jpg?fit=930%2C620&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AI.jpg?fit=930%2C620&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AI.jpg?fit=930%2C620&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AI.jpg?fit=930%2C620&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13817"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13817\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13817"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}