{"id":13745,"date":"2017-04-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-26T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.blog\/2017\/04\/27\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\/"},"modified":"2018-10-17T17:43:15","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T15:43:15","slug":"leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat","title":{"rendered":"Leaving the euro would be a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Let us not forget the convulsive shocks brought on by Italy and Great Britain who were forced to leave the EMS in 1992. Since it was then merely a matter of abandoning a monetary regime, it goes without saying that one of the member-states leaving the euro would have an otherwise much more immediate and dramatic dimension to it. Let&#8217;s say France wants to leave the euro, in a world where the yield on its 10 year Bond is at 2%, meaning that France finances itself over 10 years at a rate of 2%. As the prospect of leaving the euro would make its rekindled currency (the franc) fall immediately in the order of 50%, its borrowing rate would have to adjust proportionately, in order to continue attracting foreign investors wishing to invest in France&#8217;s national debt. Consequently, France would be reduced to and forced to having to borrow for 10 years at a rate nearing 4%, almost overnight! No one would expect a referendum possibly being called to shell out francs or euros that are &#8220;Made in France&#8221;. Because financial markets function according purely to a principle of anticipation, the take-off of French borrowing rates would be directly proportionate to the extent of the estimated devaluation of the franc. The objective would be, for investors, to compensate the franc&#8217;s collapse by demanding higher profitability on their investments in French debt. On the eve of the election \u2013 or the referendum \u2013, the country&#8217;s banks and financial system would be in a vegetative state, with no hope of support from the European Central Bank which wouldn&#8217;t be able to \u2013 and wouldn&#8217;t want to either \u2013 extinguish the fire which would be lit by deliberately leaving the single currency. <\/p>\n<p>While a member-state leaving the euro is of course intellectually possible, it requires meticulous planning and a perfect understanding of the mechanisms and psychology of financial markets. Whatever the case, a decision of this stature would make an indelible, eternal mark on the mandate of the Head of State in question, who would certainly do nothing throughout their Presidency other than deal with the consequences of this major event. A French exit, or an Italian one, from the euro would therefore obviously have an otherwise more profound effect than Brexit, which is already keeping the British government busy full-time! It would constitute the biggest payment default in human history, would send a giant seismic shockwave throughout the entire European banking sector, would threaten the very survival of the single currency and would challenge the very existence of the Union. With leaving the euro being as complicated as preparing for war, it would naturally have to be accompanied by intensive control on the borders with the aim of channelling the outflow of euros, re-establishing control of capital in order to stem any bleeding and announcing a state of emergency in order to calm possible panic-stricken movements. <\/p>\n<p>This choice to abandon the euro would therefore have to be made with the relevant authorities knowing full-well what they were doing, and who would have to be aware that such an exit would never in any circumstance be led with calm. Because leaving the euro would be a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let us not forget the convulsive shocks brought on by Italy and Great Britain who were forced to leave the EMS in 1992. Since it was then merely a matter of abandoning a monetary regime, it goes without saying that one of the member-states leaving the euro would have an otherwise much more immediate and&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[648941264,648941304,648941305],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-european-union","category-french-franc","category-frexit"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Leaving the euro would be a coup d&#039;\u00e9tat! - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Leaving the euro would be a coup d&#039;\u00e9tat! - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Let us not forget the convulsive shocks brought on by Italy and Great Britain who were forced to leave the EMS in 1992. Since it was then merely a matter of abandoning a monetary regime, it goes without saying that one of the member-states leaving the euro would have an otherwise much more immediate and&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-04-26T22:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-10-17T15:43:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"headline\":\"Leaving the euro would be a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat!\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-26T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-17T15:43:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\"},\"wordCount\":539,\"commentCount\":0,\"articleSection\":[\"European Union\",\"french franc\",\"Frexit\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\",\"name\":\"Leaving the euro would be a coup d'\u00e9tat! - Michel Santi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-26T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-17T15:43:15+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/european-union\\\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Leaving the euro would be a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat!\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"description\":\"\\\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\\\", Seneca the Younger\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Michel Santi\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/author\\\/msanti17\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Leaving the euro would be a coup d'\u00e9tat! - Michel Santi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Leaving the euro would be a coup d'\u00e9tat! - Michel Santi","og_description":"Let us not forget the convulsive shocks brought on by Italy and Great Britain who were forced to leave the EMS in 1992. Since it was then merely a matter of abandoning a monetary regime, it goes without saying that one of the member-states leaving the euro would have an otherwise much more immediate and&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat","og_site_name":"Michel Santi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste","article_published_time":"2017-04-26T22:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-10-17T15:43:15+00:00","author":"Michel Santi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@michelsanti1","twitter_site":"@michelsanti1","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Michel Santi","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat"},"author":{"name":"Michel Santi","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"headline":"Leaving the euro would be a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat!","datePublished":"2017-04-26T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-17T15:43:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat"},"wordCount":539,"commentCount":0,"articleSection":["European Union","french franc","Frexit"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat","name":"Leaving the euro would be a coup d'\u00e9tat! - Michel Santi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2017-04-26T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-17T15:43:15+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-coup-detat#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Leaving the euro would be a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat!"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/","name":"Michel Santi","description":"\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\", Seneca the Younger","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4","name":"Michel Santi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Michel Santi"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"],"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/author\/msanti17"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pagvtB-3zH","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":19459,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/deutschemark\/back-to-the-deutschemark","url_meta":{"origin":13745,"position":0},"title":"Back to the deutschemark ?","author":"Michel Santi","date":"May 28, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Martin Feldstein, a Harvard economist, wrote premonitorily in 1997 that the euro\u2019s introduction \u201cwould exacerbate economic cycles by worsening unemployment in certain member states. Such economic woes would contribute to a crisis of confidence in the Union\u201d. In fact, those who were convinced that the Union\u2019s crisis since 2009\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;deutschemark&quot;","block_context":{"text":"deutschemark","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/category\/deutschemark"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/DM-278x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":13598,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/germany\/europe-faces-its-old-demons","url_meta":{"origin":13745,"position":1},"title":"Europe faces its old demons","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 23, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"The European government elites are sinking into denial. Their frightened posture against public deficits and preference for strict financial orthodoxy is a reflection of an age-old tendency for self-destruction. However, the current version of this tendency is about to lead them to a nasty state of affairs. I am referring\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Germany&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Germany","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/germany"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/domination-allemande.png?fit=600%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/domination-allemande.png?fit=600%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/domination-allemande.png?fit=600%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13726,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/germany\/back-to-the-deutschmark","url_meta":{"origin":13745,"position":2},"title":"Back to the Deutschmark","author":"Michel Santi","date":"January 6, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The staunchly anti-European Martin Feldstein, a Harvard economist, wrote prophetically in 1997 that the introduction of the euro would exacerbate economic cycles by aggravating unemployment in certain member-states. Whose economic problems would contribute to a crisis in confidence in the Union. In fact, those who were convinced that the Union\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Deutschmark&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Deutschmark","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/deutschmark"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":21334,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/euro-2\/robert-mundell-father-of-europe","url_meta":{"origin":13745,"position":3},"title":"Robert Mundell, father of Europe?","author":"Michel Santi","date":"April 14, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Well before the creation of the euro, the Canadian Robert Mundell who died a few days ago, laid out the conditions for success of a monetary union. His works won him the Nobel Prize for economics in 1999, the year that the euro launched. According to Mundell, a currency\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;euro&quot;","block_context":{"text":"euro","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/euro-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Professor-Mundell-1932-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Professor-Mundell-1932-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Professor-Mundell-1932-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Professor-Mundell-1932-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Professor-Mundell-1932-2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13589,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/swiss-franc\/negative-rates-no-a-revolution-in-attitudes","url_meta":{"origin":13745,"position":4},"title":"Negative rates? No, a revolution in attitudes!","author":"Michel Santi","date":"April 24, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"How should we live in a world where interest rates are negative? It is a genuine paradigm shift that tells us to prepare for global deflation. While the U.S. will be spared, our Europe is sinking into economic stagnation, an ice age likely to be secular in nature. Switzerland and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Negative rate&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Negative rate","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/negative-rate"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/1000-francs-suisses.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/1000-francs-suisses.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/1000-francs-suisses.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13763,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/neoliberalism\/public-debt-and-fake-news","url_meta":{"origin":13745,"position":5},"title":"Public debt and fake news","author":"Michel Santi","date":"September 18, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Over the course of its history, the United States of America has seen six episodes of budget surplus. Five of them were immediately followed by depressions. Let us never forget that the orthodoxy \u2013 already powerful at the time \u2013 had pushed President Herbert Hoover to maintain a budget surplus\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;debt&quot;","block_context":{"text":"debt","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/debt"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/fake-news.jpg?fit=743%2C481&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/fake-news.jpg?fit=743%2C481&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/fake-news.jpg?fit=743%2C481&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/fake-news.jpg?fit=743%2C481&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13745"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13745\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}