{"id":13675,"date":"2016-01-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-01-24T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.blog\/2016\/01\/25\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\/"},"modified":"2018-10-17T17:43:24","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T15:43:24","slug":"financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace","title":{"rendered":"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach-300x193.jpg?resize=300%2C193&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"krach\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6532\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Blinder is no one than he who refuses to see. The main factors responsible for the torments of these last few years are still at large, when they haven\u2019t been magnified despite declarations coming from the financial community and authorities claiming to be reassuring. According to them, systemic reforms would have in fact been made because financial institutions \u2013 which are far better regulated \u2013 would work on providing more capital. However, these commercial and financial imbalances have since 2008 been brought to a high point. In fact \u2013 held down by stricter supervision \u2013 the world of investment speculation has turned to raw materials, emerging markets and hedge funds with nearly non-existent regulation in order to realise complementary profits\u2026but just to inflate a new bubble that is currently on full scale implosion.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Busy restoring order to bank ratios, the regulator has therefore \u2013 once again \u2013 been caught unawares by financial actors who, motivated by the will to earn more and ever more, continuously get a head start. In other words, the system is currently threatened with liquefaction by hyper-speculation on barely regulated asset classes, which is led by an industry which refuses to accept profits lesser than those of the past. How does one make them understand that profits from 2000 to 2007 constituted an unhealthy anomaly and that it is imperative \u2013 in order to save our economy \u2013 to grant particular attention to risk management and a massive abatement of leveraged transactions?<\/p>\n<p>The last decade has been punctuated by speculative implosions and collapses of financial institutions and large investment funds. And this is why Nassim Taleb \u2013 author of The Black Swan \u2013 will have to review his theory since his \u201cblack swan\u201d has become our daily bread! Due to our limited knowledge, we are confined to analyse the present and predict the future by observing and extrapolating past trends. The result is that any unforeseen events profoundly destabilise us. As soon as this unknown arises \u2013 Taleb\u2019s famous \u201cblack swan\u201d \u2013 it is the whole system, with its beliefs and presuppositions, which is threatened with collapse\u2026 In other words, unpredictable events, that is to say any event affected by weak probability, are having a considerable impact. The extreme and unhealthy market volatility of the last few years was provoked precisely by \u201chighly improbable\u201d events, as it so happens by readjustments and liquidations of positions held by investors who knowingly took too many risks.  <\/p>\n<p>In fact, financial investors and professionals have become de facto public enemies since the cultures of excessive risk and win at all cost have become the norm. Gone are the days when dad would buy shares to keep them for a few years, gone are the days when grandad would place his savings in Treasury Bonds. Taleb has already been overtaken because uncertainty, erratic behaviour and exacerbated volatility now furnish our lives, in the knowledge that even the most sure, reputed investments are now vulnerable to go bankrupt from one day to the next. Exceptional occurrences are now an integral part of investor psychology. Worse still is that these investors speculate and gamble on the advent of the \u201chighly improbable\u201d in the hope \u2013 obviously \u2013 of making a profit from it. In short, the \u201cblack swan\u201d reigns supreme.  <\/p>\n<p>At the start of 2016 the economic climate is much more uncertain than before the subprime crisis, and our system therefore finds itself struck with immunodeficiency in the face of the risk of another implosion. Governments \u2013 who have spent unholy sums on financial bailouts \u2013 will no longer be in a position, neither economically nor politically, to draw on now empty accounts in order to stabilise and clean up the system. Bankers have of course accomplished an admirable feat of lobbying by persuading our governments of their establishments\u2019 vital role to our economy. Meanwhile, the taxpayer\u2019s pockets are empty and so are Governments\u2019. The consequences of the implosion of a new bubble would therefore be easy to understand but terrifying to bear. <\/p>\n<p>While whole swathes of financial activity are now escaping all regulation and sovereign debt crises are far from being resolved, the ingredients of a major conflagration are currently coming to a fore. Inexorably.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blinder is no one than he who refuses to see. The main factors responsible for the torments of these last few years are still at large, when they haven\u2019t been magnified despite declarations coming from the financial community and authorities claiming to be reassuring. According to them, systemic reforms would have in fact been made&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[648941282,648941294],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-capitalism","category-neoliberalism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Financial crisis are painfully commonplace - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Blinder is no one than he who refuses to see. The main factors responsible for the torments of these last few years are still at large, when they haven\u2019t been magnified despite declarations coming from the financial community and authorities claiming to be reassuring. According to them, systemic reforms would have in fact been made&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-24T22:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-10-17T15:43:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"583\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"376\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@michelsanti1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michel Santi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"headline\":\"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-24T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-17T15:43:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\"},\"wordCount\":692,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"capitalism\",\"neoliberalism\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\",\"name\":\"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace - Michel Santi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-24T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-17T15:43:24+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1\",\"width\":583,\"height\":376},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/capitalism\\\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"description\":\"\\\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\\\", Seneca the Younger\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4\",\"name\":\"Michel Santi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Michel Santi\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/michelsanti.fr\\\/en\\\/author\\\/msanti17\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace - Michel Santi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace - Michel Santi","og_description":"Blinder is no one than he who refuses to see. The main factors responsible for the torments of these last few years are still at large, when they haven\u2019t been magnified despite declarations coming from the financial community and authorities claiming to be reassuring. According to them, systemic reforms would have in fact been made&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace","og_site_name":"Michel Santi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/michel.santi.economiste","article_published_time":"2016-01-24T22:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-10-17T15:43:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":583,"height":376,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Michel Santi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@michelsanti1","twitter_site":"@michelsanti1","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Michel Santi","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace"},"author":{"name":"Michel Santi","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"headline":"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace","datePublished":"2016-01-24T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-17T15:43:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace"},"wordCount":692,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1","articleSection":["capitalism","neoliberalism"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace","name":"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace - Michel Santi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1","datePublished":"2016-01-24T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-17T15:43:24+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1","width":583,"height":376},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/financial-crisis-painfully-commonplace#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Financial crisis are painfully commonplace"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/","name":"Michel Santi","description":"\"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare. It is because we do not dare that they seem difficult\", Seneca the Younger","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ba61ae1376925b43e3d1ddbc1e3eb2a4","name":"Michel Santi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6bc76c70234e8753d2b85c3b3bd08397f8734d2cddafa2d9ab319e7163e44a1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Michel Santi"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/"],"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/author\/msanti17"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/krach.jpg?fit=583%2C376&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pagvtB-3yz","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":19234,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/islamic-finance\/would-the-west-accept-being-saved-by-islamic-finance","url_meta":{"origin":13675,"position":0},"title":"Would the West accept being saved by Islamic finance?","author":"Michel Santi","date":"January 19, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"The Nobel prize winner for economics, Eugene Fama, born in 1939 and one of the fathers of monetarism and the neoliberal ideology, is known for having pre-emptively asserted that \u201cthe idea of efficient markets is a simple assertion that states that the prices of securities and assets reflect all the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Gresham&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gresham","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/gresham-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/march%C3%A9s.jpg?fit=416%2C283&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":13681,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/wall-street-how-to-finish-off-this-vile-beast","url_meta":{"origin":13675,"position":1},"title":"Wall Street: how to finish off this vile beast?","author":"Michel Santi","date":"February 11, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"What is the deeper, intimate reason for financial crises? How do cracks appear and why do bubbles implode? It is always for a simple and unique reason, which is that irrational and outlandish bets undertaken by the world of finance are done so with borrowed money! In this regard, the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;capitalism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"capitalism","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/capitalism"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ss-subprime.jpg?fit=792%2C612&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ss-subprime.jpg?fit=792%2C612&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ss-subprime.jpg?fit=792%2C612&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ss-subprime.jpg?fit=792%2C612&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13638,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/isil\/islamic-states-business-model","url_meta":{"origin":13675,"position":2},"title":"Islamic State\u2019s business model","author":"Michel Santi","date":"September 21, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Might Islamic State (IS) be on the verge of setting up its own bank? It is in fact following the footprints of other terrorist organisations by trying to equip itself with the attributes of a genuine state in order to send the message to its sympathisers outside of Syria and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;ISIL&quot;","block_context":{"text":"ISIL","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/isil"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":20118,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/coronavirus-2\/turning-the-tables-after-the-virus","url_meta":{"origin":13675,"position":3},"title":"Turning the tables after the virus","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 23, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Thanks to this crisis, our duty is to rebuild society on a solid basis, as well as making deep reforms to financial markets and getting rid once and for all of their intrinsic ability to cause harm. Because, once again and in quite the same vein, the economic and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;coronavirus&quot;","block_context":{"text":"coronavirus","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/coronavirus-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/R%C3%A9volution.png?fit=1200%2C432&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/R%C3%A9volution.png?fit=1200%2C432&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/R%C3%A9volution.png?fit=1200%2C432&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/R%C3%A9volution.png?fit=1200%2C432&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/R%C3%A9volution.png?fit=1200%2C432&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":19330,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/european-union\/to-cleanse-europe-dismantle-the-stability-pact","url_meta":{"origin":13675,"position":4},"title":"To cleanse Europe, dismantle the Stability Pact!","author":"Michel Santi","date":"March 12, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Europe\u2019s not out of danger yet. A meltdown is still on the cards due to the eurozone members\u2019 lack of any control over their interest rates and currency. In fact, in these conditions, how can diverse national economies using the euro not diverge? And what would be the instrument that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;European Union&quot;","block_context":{"text":"European Union","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/european-union"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Europe-fragile.jpg?fit=960%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Europe-fragile.jpg?fit=960%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Europe-fragile.jpg?fit=960%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Europe-fragile.jpg?fit=960%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":24711,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/islamic-finance\/islamic-finance-protects-humanity-and-preserves-its-morals","url_meta":{"origin":13675,"position":5},"title":"Islamic Finance: Protects Humanity and Preserves its Morals","author":"Michel Santi","date":"May 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The first \"Sharia-compliant\" obligation dates back to the Ottoman Empire in 1775. In 2004, Germans were the first Europeans to issue a \"sukuk,\" an Islamic bond that attracted investors from the Gulf, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, the United States, Japan, and Hong Kong. This instrument was specifically an \"ijarah,\" a vehicle\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;islamic finance&quot;","block_context":{"text":"islamic finance","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/islamic-finance"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/islamic-finance.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/islamic-finance.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/islamic-finance.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/islamic-finance.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/islamic-finance.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13675\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}