{"id":13664,"date":"2015-12-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-12-29T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelsanti.blog\/2015\/12\/30\/france-the-birthplace-of-neoliberalism\/"},"modified":"2018-10-17T17:43:25","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T15:43:25","slug":"france-the-birthplace-of-neoliberalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/neoliberalism\/france-the-birthplace-of-neoliberalism","title":{"rendered":"France: the birthplace of neoliberalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Barre-300x183.jpg?resize=300%2C183&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Barre\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6484\" \/><\/p>\n<p>France is not just the motherland of human rights. It also played a crucial role in the inception of neoliberal thought which now starves the peoples of Europe. It has had huge responsibility in enforcing the rigorist and moralistic tyranny that today is sterilising the lifeblood of our continent. <\/p>\n<p>It is actually France who, in 1973, once again acting as precursor, was to take a historic step along the path to international financial liberalisation by prohibiting its central bank from printing money as a fallback. It is with this yardstick that the Banque de France\u2019s new regulations \u2013 in particular article 25 \u2013 must be interpreted, which were adopted 3rd January 1973 and which indicate that \u201cthe Public treasury may no longer borrow money from the Banque de France.\u201d This therefore definitively held the governments to the mercy of the banking system, since their Treasury was de facto no longer able to borrow from its central bank. This was a crucial turning point in the management of Western (and even global!) public finances which from that point onward laid the path for France, which owed nothing to chance at a time when its president, Georges Pompidou, was a former banker. No biggy though, after all, since the French public debt, at 20% of GDP in 1970, was henceforth to see an uninterrupted descent into the depths of hell.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>For all that, this episode was not only just the very first milestone of a monetary stranglehold that Raymond Barre, \u201cFrance\u2019s best economist\u201d and Giscard-d\u2019Estaing\u2019s Prime Minister, helped to spread through institutions from 1976, and who was to preside over the fate of Europe\u2019s first authentically neoliberal government. Well before the rise to power of Great Britain\u2019s Thatcher in 1979 and USA\u2019s Reagan in 1981, it is therefore France who first led the attack against public spending and social programs. In reality, without Barre and his famous plans the Euro Zone wouldn\u2019t have come about in the late \u201880s, since it was under his great patronage that Europe took that mercantile turn which now proudly embodies its hallmark.<\/p>\n<p>It is therefore not so much the Franco-German axis as it was the progressive standardisation and evaporation of the economic and financial debate throughout \u201cWestern\u201d Europe that was to shape the continent. It is this sacred union, initially anti spending and deficits then pro free markets and financial self-regulation (under the socialist Beregovoy toward the end of the \u201880s), which was to dig the trench \u2013 and now the grave \u2013 of the European Union. It is therefore France who, before anyone else, defined and laid the foundations of the sacrosanct European unification which, by imposing budgetary stringency, was henceforth to paralyse and monopolise the whole continent\u2019s macroeconomic debate. The monetary system was infected and this brought about the decisive and irreversible aggravation of unemployment rates that would never return to their 1970s levels, since employment no longer figured in governments\u2019 priorities.     <\/p>\n<p>It is to Raymond Barre that we owe the definitive nail in the coffin on the Gaullist Keynesian ideal. It is since his reign that employment is considered only as a simple variable that helps to determine financial stability. And it is therefore back to 1976 (the arrival of Barre and his plans) that we can date the birth of the infamous policy of austerity, as well as the death of humanity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>France is not just the motherland of human rights. It also played a crucial role in the inception of neoliberal thought which now starves the peoples of Europe. It has had huge responsibility in enforcing the rigorist and moralistic tyranny that today is sterilising the lifeblood of our continent. It is actually France who, in&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[648941294],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neoliberalism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>France: the birthplace of neoliberalism - Michel Santi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/neoliberalism\/france-the-birthplace-of-neoliberalism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"France: the birthplace of neoliberalism - Michel Santi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"France is not just the motherland of human rights. It also played a crucial role in the inception of neoliberal thought which now starves the peoples of Europe. It has had huge responsibility in enforcing the rigorist and moralistic tyranny that today is sterilising the lifeblood of our continent. 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Once the wealthiest country in Europe for a century, Great Britain\u2019s trajectory has been on a downward slope since the end of World War II. Aside from a brief recovery during the 1980s, at the beginning\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;disindustrialisation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"disindustrialisation","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/disindustrialisation"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jean-Gabin-dans-le-film-La-Bete-humaine-de-Jean-Renoir-1938-e1652626186400.jpg?fit=1150%2C1150&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jean-Gabin-dans-le-film-La-Bete-humaine-de-Jean-Renoir-1938-e1652626186400.jpg?fit=1150%2C1150&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jean-Gabin-dans-le-film-La-Bete-humaine-de-Jean-Renoir-1938-e1652626186400.jpg?fit=1150%2C1150&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jean-Gabin-dans-le-film-La-Bete-humaine-de-Jean-Renoir-1938-e1652626186400.jpg?fit=1150%2C1150&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jean-Gabin-dans-le-film-La-Bete-humaine-de-Jean-Renoir-1938-e1652626186400.jpg?fit=1150%2C1150&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":23812,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/neoliberalism\/the-financial-crisis-will-not-happen","url_meta":{"origin":13664,"position":3},"title":"The financial crisis will not happen","author":"Michel Santi","date":"January 5, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 This phenomenon occurs quite rarely, always in the event of liquidity crises, i.e. in times of great financial stress such as in 2008 or at the start of the Covid crisis. It translates into a gluttonous appetite for the US dollar sought after by the entire planet because it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;neoliberalism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"neoliberalism","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/neoliberalism"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/robinet.png?fit=897%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/robinet.png?fit=897%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/robinet.png?fit=897%2C672&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/robinet.png?fit=897%2C672&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21978,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/inflation-en\/inflation-is-always-and-everywhere","url_meta":{"origin":13664,"position":4},"title":"Inflation is always and everywhere&#8230;","author":"Michel Santi","date":"February 22, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 The ghost of Milton Friedman and his oh-so-famous repartee of the 1960s when he said that inflation is \u201calways and everywhere a monetary phenomenon\u201d still haunts us today. It is true that this assertion may seem plausible. After all, the immediate consequence of inflation is a rise in prices,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Inflation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Inflation","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/inflation-en"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2022_pay_increases_e4jtv0.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2022_pay_increases_e4jtv0.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2022_pay_increases_e4jtv0.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2022_pay_increases_e4jtv0.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2022_pay_increases_e4jtv0.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13654,"url":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/capitalism\/apple-or-capitalism-with-bite","url_meta":{"origin":13664,"position":5},"title":"Apple, or capitalism with bite","author":"Michel Santi","date":"November 10, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Apple makes money \u2013 a lot of money! In fact, Apple makes more money than any company has ever made and now finds itself, logically, with mountains of cash. As high as some 200 billion dollars, and more than the US Treasury. Of course, it\u2019s the shareholders who are the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;capitalism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"capitalism","link":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/category\/capitalism"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/apple_logo1.png?fit=1200%2C579&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/apple_logo1.png?fit=1200%2C579&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/apple_logo1.png?fit=1200%2C579&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/apple_logo1.png?fit=1200%2C579&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michelsanti.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/apple_logo1.png?fit=1200%2C579&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13664"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13664\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michelsanti.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}